Cotton (fabric)

Physical properties

Laser processing

The fumes produced are cellulosic organic compounds from the combustion of vegetable fiber. They have a typical burnt paper odor and are not toxic, but still require standard extraction.

CO₂: Exceptional laser cutting. The beam partially seals the fibers preventing fraying. Requires very low power (10–20 W) and high speeds to avoid burning or edge yellowing.

Diode: Excellent on dark or colored fabrics. On pure white cotton the blue diode reflects or scatters, requiring slow passes or temporary darkening treatments.

Fiber: Not applicable.

CNC / milling processing

Not machinable with CNC using conventional bits: the flexible fibers would instantly wrap around the rotating tool, tearing the fabric.

Plotter and thermoforming

Excellent workability. Cuts perfectly with a plotter using rotary blades or deep blades specific for fabrics, securing the cloth to high-adhesion mats.

Post-processing

Sanding: Not sandable.

Gluing: Bondable with specific fabric adhesives or heat-activated adhesive films applicable with an iron or heat press.

Over time: Highly biodegradable natural fiber. Susceptible to mold and prolonged humidity. Colors may fade with prolonged sunlight exposure.

Common defects

• Edge fraying over time if cut mechanically without a containment stitch
• Burn marks and yellowish halo on edges if laser-cut with excessive power
• Dimensional shrinkage after washing

Safety

Cotton is highly flammable. Constantly monitor laser processing to prevent ignition or smoldering embers in the catch tray.

Availability and formats

Commercial formats: fabric by the metre, rolls/bobbins, pre-stretched canvases

Related materials

Sources

• ISO 1833 — Textiles quantitative chemical analysis
• Manuali operativi FabLab di manipolazione tessile