Wood · Solid wood: European hardwoods

Beech

Fagus sylvaticaFaggio europeoFaggio evaporato

Frequently asked questions

Can Beech be laser cut?

With some limitations: Beech can be laser cut. Adequate extraction/ventilation is required.

Can Beech be CNC machined?

Yes: Beech can be CNC machined.

Is Beech food safe?

Yes, Beech is food safe even in its raw state.

Physical properties

Density680.0–750.0 kg/m³
Janka hardness6000.0 N
Moisture absorptionHigh

Laser processing

CuttingWith limitations
EngravingYes
FumesVentilation required

Produces dense, strongly scented fumes of natural origin (lignin combustion). Requires standard extraction hood.

CO₂: Engraves excellently and uniformly with medium-to-dark brown tones, thanks to the fine, closed grain. Cutting beyond 3–4 mm is slow and produces markedly charred edges.

Diode: Excellent for surface marking and engraving. Cutting not recommended except for thicknesses below 1.5 mm at high power.

Fiber: Not applicable.

CNC / milling processing

MachinabilityYes
Tool wearMedium

Exceptional CNC machinability. Very compact, fine grain allows extremely smooth surface finishes and high-precision joinery with minimal chipping tendency. Avoid slow feed rates to prevent friction burns.

Post-processing

Sanding: Very easy to sand. Achieves a silky smooth feel with progressive grits: 120 → 180 → 240 → 320.

Gluing: Excellent structural bonding with any wood adhesive (PVA, polyurethane). Requires tight clamping to maximise joint strength.

Seasoning: Suffers from considerable instability during drying. Steamed beech (treated with hot steam to relieve internal stresses) is therefore preferred.

Over time: Highly hygroscopic. Warps, bows and swells noticeably with humidity fluctuations. Must be used indoors only.

Common defects

  • Significant dimensional deformations (warping) if exposed to humid environments
  • Dark friction burns on milled edges if the tool dwells without advancing quickly

Safety

Respiratory tractRisk
FireMedium
Food safe (raw)Yes
Food safe (finished)Yes

Recommended PPE: mask_p3, eye_protection

Fine sanding dust is classified as long-term carcinogenic. Always work under extraction.

Availability and formats

EU availabilityWidely available
US availabilityAvailable
Typical price900–1,400 €/m³ in boards

Commercial formats: solid boards, finger-jointed panels, turned objects and smallware

Related materials

Sources

  • MatWeb — European Beech Physical Properties
  • UNI EN 13556 — Nomenclatura dei legni commerciali europei

Information on compatibility, processing parameters and safety is purely indicative. MakerSpecs accepts no liability for damage to persons or property arising from the use of this data. Always check the safety rules and the manufacturer's official manuals before carrying out any processing.